Scanning electron microscopy showed that the tibia and tarsus have spines appropriate for applying forces to the ground, whereas no such structures were seen on the trochanter. There were also no observable differences between the kinematics of jumps that began with the trochanter on the ground and jumps that did not. Moreover, in some natural jumps there was no contact between the trochanter and the ground.
The in vivo velocity and acceleration kinematics are consistent with the model that directs ground forces through the tibia and tarsus. To decide which of these two hypotheses is correct, we built a kinetic model to simulate the different possible velocities and accelerations produced by each proposed process and compared those simulations with the kinematics measured from high-speed images of natural jumping. A second hypothesis is that the recoil of the spring acts through a lever system to push the tibia and tarsus onto the ground. One hypothesis is that the recoil of the spring pushes the trochanter onto the ground, thereby generating the jump. ultima APX, the APX family ofcameras includes the single unit ultima APX-RS, theimage intensified ultima APX-i2, and the PC-based FASTCAM-X 1024 PCI all providing the same greatlight sensitivity, performance and reliability that Photron has become known for.It has long been established that fleas jump by storing and releasing energy in a cuticular spring, but it is not known how forces from that spring are transmitted to the ground.
Both the camera head and processor have been designed for operation in high shock and vibration environments.As well as the High-G > 60 to 2,000 fps at full mega pixel image resolution and up to 120,000 fps at reduced resolutions to capture the fastest eventsGlobal electronic shuttering to 4ҵs Interchangeable camera heads for color,black and whiteand intensified imagingRecordings can be directly saved in various industrystandard formats including AVI,TIFF,PNG (10-bit),JPEG, BMP,or RAW Bayer (10-bit)Superior light sensitivity to other high-speed imaging systemsthrough the use of an advanced design CMOSsensor optimized for low noise and high dynamic rangeOptional hardware enables synchronized recording anddisplay of external digital or analogue data from load cells,transducers,etc.
With interchangeable CMOS camera heads (10-bit monochrome, 30-bit color, or image intensified), and the ability to both setup and operate the camera without a computer, the system to beoperated in inaccessible and space confined locations.
ultima APX provides many powerful features not found in any other high-speed digital imaging system.Flexible 16 feet (5 meters) cables between camera headand the processor allows the > BENEFITS The mega-pixel Photron ultima APX ultima APX offers frame ratesup to 2,000 fps at full resolution and up to 120,000 fps at reduced resolutions.
These images are selected from an original recording made at 10,000 fps. This video sequence provides engineers with valuable insight into ways of improving both club and ball designs.
Photrons high-speed cameras captures the impact of a driver connecting with a golf ball.